【肖永明 王志華】朱子對孟子“夜氣”甜心一包養網思惟的闡發

Keywords: Zhu Xi/Mencius/”Night-night”/Being determined/Restoring the night/Preserving the mind/cultivating the Qi

Title notes: History of the “Four Books” of China (13&ZD060) of the National Social Science Fund.

1. Introduction

Carl Jaspers proposed the “Axial Period” of human civilization in “The Sources and Targets of History”. This concept has now been basically recognized by students. But as far as the specific landscape of the destruction of various civilizations is concerned, the students still see benevolence, wisdom, and their views are different. In a discussion on the historical landscape of Chinese civilization’s axial heart breaking through the historical landscapeTaiwan Nursing Network, Mr. Yu Yingshi once said in “Discussion on the International between Heaven and Man-Modern China”A view is proposed in the book “Trying to the Source of Thoughts” which is believed to be a theory from witch tradition to the atmosphere of the universe. ② This understanding of the historical landscape that fits the time, and assesses the pre-Qin dynasties, each school has its own opinions on “emotion”, but there are differences in levels. ③In this trend of discussing “gas”, Mencius proposed a new model – “night gas”. ④ The main reason why “night air” is not only because it is the key to distinguish between humans and birds, but also because it is related to Mencius’s theory of mind and nature (“nature good discussion”) and cultivation (“growth education”). Some of the students who have been concerned about “night air” only emphasize the distinction between humans and birds, while others can not only value the distinction between humans and birds, but also remind the connection between “night air” and mind and nature and cultivation. The latter is represented by Zhu Zi. Assessing Zhu Zi’s comment on the “night air” style can clearly show the position of “gas” in his mental and spiritual discussions, and provide a new perspective to deeply understand the main nature of “gas” in his thinking.

2. The main theme of establishing the words: Keep “night air” and use it to other people

As a condition for discussion, it is necessary to have a clear and clear grasp of why Mencius proposed the “night air”. The main theme of his statement can be learned from the original text: “Whether those who exist in others have no kindness? The reason why they put their conscience is to use an axe to pound the wood. Can it be beautiful if they cut it down on the morning and night? Wherever they rest at night, they have a bright atmosphere, and they like to be evil and close to people. However, the shackles are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are shackles that are not far away.” ⑤ No It is hard to see that the emphasis on the distinction between humans and birds is the main theme of Mencius’s concept of “night air”. It is about human nature, just as Feng Chair said: “Night air is contrary to the original and is correct.” ⑥

However, it is necessary to point out that “night air” is not the key to the distinction between humans and birds. The existence of “night air” depends on the distinction between humans and birds. ⑦ This point has been clearly expressed in Mencius’ original text. As Yuan Junweng said: “If you are not a saint who is righteous, you have this kind of aura (the quoted: “This kind of aura” contains “a noble atmosphere” and “night atmosphere”.), and everyone has it. If you are righteous, you should not be alone.”⑧ Expandingly, “night atmosphere” is not only for people, but also for all things in the universe. The “don’t let it go” here emphasizes the need to keep it, that is, maintain “night air” to other people’s birds. Although this data only emphasizes the existence of “night air” and does not fail to reflect the existence of “night air” to other people and birds, when we contact a passage from Mencius, “How many people are different from birds and birds, the people go there and keep them right” ⑨ (Mencius: Leaving the Mood Chapter 19), we will clearly see that the existence of “night air” is related to the distinction between humans and birds. In this connection, Cai Qing of the Ming Dynasty pointed out: “The calm atmosphere of the night is resting. This day air is the source of the night air, and the atmosphere is the location of the night air. The lack of night air is the location of the night air, so the atmosphere cannot be clear, and the few things that are said to be are also lost.” 10 It can be seen that the existence of “night air” determines the existence of “how many times”, and “how many times” is exactly the human and bird emphasized by Mencius.The difference.

The above two points are just grounded to show the relationship between “night air” and the distinction between humans and birds, and it is not without direct discussion of them. Some scholars point out: “The clear and bright atmosphere at night is weak and lacks the conscience of maintaining benevolence and morality. Even though the night atmosphere is calm, the human figure is actually not far away.” (11) Another example: “I don’t understand the good, and I can’t help the heavens and things, and people transform things into things. When things arrive, people transform things into things, and people transform things are lacking. When things arrive, people transform things are lacking to exist, and when night air is lacking to exist, the birds are not far away.” (12) “Mencius said that the lack of night air is lacking to exist, and it is a manifestation of losing the root of human nature.” (13) It can be seen that “night air” does not exist and is close to birds, which is a manifestation of losing the root of human nature. Zhu Zi also believed: “If a person is intact, this atmosphere will be unclear and bright at any time. However, a first-class daytime operation and management have died, and the watch can be sorted out when it is quiet at night. If it is even less clear, it is a real bird.” (14) However, there is no effective way to maintain the “night air” here, but the “night air” is used as the standard for distinguishing between humans and birds.

It is worth noting that when Song Confucians emphasized this, they gave “night air” a thick scientific color. Zhang Feng once said: “All people are wafting in the end, and they are caused by the atmosphere. As for the night, they are lazy and their thoughts are about to stop. When they are excited, they have not been connected with things or have not yet developed ot